snake venom

Snake venom is a liquid secreted by venomous snakes from their venomous glands. Its main component is toxic protein, accounting for 90% to 95% of the dry weight. There are about 20 kinds of enzymes and toxins. In addition, it also contains some small molecular peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleosides, biological amines and metal ions. The composition of snake venom is very complex, and the toxicity, pharmacology and toxicological effects of different snake venoms have their own characteristics. Among them, the toxins are shown as follows: 1. Blood circulation toxins: (including viper venom, agkistrodon acutus venom, caltrodon venom, green snake venom) 2. Neurotoxins: (eye snake venom, gold ring snake venom, silver ring snake venom, king snake venom, rattlesnake venom) 3 Mixed toxins: (Agkistrodon halys venom, Ophiodon halys venom) ① Anti-cancer effect of snake venom: cancer is one of the three major diseases that endanger human health, and there is no effective treatment at present. Scientists from all countries are taking the study of snake venom as a new field to overcome this barrier. The Snake Venom Research Office of China Medical University is trying to find effective ingredients that can inhibit tumor growth from Agkistrodon halys venom produced in Dalian, Liaoning, A comparative tumor inhibition test was carried out between the original venom and the isolated venom of Agkistrodon halys Pallas. Nine different concentrations of snake venom have different degrees of inhibition on mouse sarcomas, and the tumor inhibition rate is as high as 87.1%. ② Anticoagulant effect of snake venom: the “defibrase” extracted from the venom of Agkistrodon halys acutus in Yunnan, China, passed the technical identification in 1981, and was used to treat 333 cases of vascular thrombosis, including 242 cases of cerebral thrombosis, The effective rate is 86.4%. The Agkistrodon halys antacid developed by China Medical University and Shenyang Pharmaceutical College in cooperation has achieved satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of vascular occlusive diseases. The snake venom antacid developed by the Snake Venom Research Office of China Medical University can reduce blood lipids, expand blood vessels, reduce the content of thromboxane in blood, increase prostacyclin, and relax vascular smooth muscle. It is an ideal anti-。③ As for the hemostatic effect of snake venom, Japan uses a coagulant promoting ingredient mentioned in vipers to apply to clinical surgery, internal medicine, facial features, gynecology and obstetrics and other hemorrhagic diseases. The drug is called “reptilin injection”. ④ Preparation of antivenom serum: The development of antivenom serum in China began in the 1930s. After liberation, the Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, in cooperation with the Snake Research Group of Zhejiang Medical University, the Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the Guangzhou Medical College, has successfully prepared the refined antivenom serum for Agkistrodon halys, Agkistrodon acutus, Bungarus multicinctus, and Ophthalmus. ⑤ Analgesic effect of snake venom: In 1976, Yunnan Kunming Animal Research Institute successfully developed “Ketongling” from the venom of snake venom, which is used to treat various painful diseases and has achieved unique analgesic effect. The “compound Ketongning” developed by Cao Yisheng has shown good efficacy in the treatment of nerve pain, cancer pain and detoxification. Because the snake venom analgesic has higher analgesic activity and is not addictive, it is clinically used to replace morphine in the treatment of late cancer pain. The venom of venom can be used to prepare special anti-venom serum, analgesics and hemostatic agents. Its effect is better than morphine and dolantin, and it is not addictive. Snake venom can also treat paralysis and polio. In recent years, snake venom has been used to treat cancer. Because snake venom is a compound composed of 34 proteins, one of which is very important and a large number of toxins is called cytolysin. It is a toxin that specifically destroys cells and cell membranes. This will produce malignant tumors. If the cytolysin from snake venom is separated and injected into the human body to spread all over the body with blood circulation to specifically kill cancer cells, there is great hope to overcome the difficulty of cancer treatment. The defibrase for injection is extracted from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus in China. It has the function of reducing fibrinogen and thrombolysis, and is a special drug for treating cardiovascular diseases. The eight major uses of snake venom are: 1. cancer treatment and anticancer, anti-tumor; 2. Hemostasis and